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Getting to Know the Body's Immune System: Definition, Components, & How It Works

 The immune system is the body's defense system to protect against various bad microorganisms that cause infection or disease. This system consists of various components and the way they work is complex.” Jakarta – The body's immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by carrying out a series of defense mechanisms, such as recognizing and responding to foreign objects. The foreign objects in question are pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, germs, parasites and fungi. Some of these pathogens cause disturbances and damage to a person's body. Want to know more about how the immune system works? Check out the following information! Understanding the Body's Immune System The immune system is the body's defense system against attacks by foreign substances. In fact, foreign substances not only come from outside the body, such as pathogens, but are also found inside the body. Foreign substances originating from within the body are dead cells or cells

how to use the Test Pack

 “To make sure you are pregnant or not, you can use a testpack. However, make sure you know how to use a good and correct test pack.” “You need to use the test pack correctly so that the results are accurate. This tool works by detecting hormones that the body produces during pregnancy.




Thedoctormedical , united states – A test pack is a pregnancy test tool that works by detecting levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in urine. This hormone will be produced by the body during pregnancy. The levels will increase with increasing gestational age. If the test results show positive or two lines, you can be sure you are pregnant.

You need to use this tool if you feel signs of pregnancy. Such as late menstruation, stomach cramps, nausea and an increasingly sensitive sense of smell. Even though it looks practical and easy, some people still make mistakes when using a test pack . So, here's how to use the correct  test pack !

How to Use a Correct and Accurate Test Pack
There are three types of test packs that are most often used. Here's how to use it:


1. Test pack strip

It comes in the form of a plastic strip and is very small and lightweight. How to use it, namely:

Prepare a small container to collect urine. If you don't have one, you can flush the test pack directly with urine. However, do it carefully so as not to exceed the line.
If the urine has been collected, dip the test pack into the container until it is below the boundary line.
Wait 5-10 seconds before lifting the test pack .
You can wait 10 minutes to make sure the line color doesn't change anymore.
If two lines appear, then this indicates you are pregnant. Meanwhile, if there is only one line, it means that there is no sign of pregnancy .

2. Test pack digital

Unlike the previous one, this tool has a stick-like shape with a tip that you can attach a strip to absorb urine. How to use a digital test pack is actually the same as a test pack strip. However, the advantages of using this test pack, you can repeat it by changing the strips in it.

3. Pregnancy cassette test

This test pack is in the form of a stick that you can use by dripping urine on the tool. Here's how to use it:

Open the product package and hold it towards the stream of urine when urinating.
You can hold this stick with the absorption tip facing down for at least 10 seconds until the absorption tip is wet with urine.
Make sure not to wet the window or display area.
Generally, results will be seen in just three minutes. If within three minutes the red line has not appeared, then wait one more minute. A new positive result will come out one minute longer depending on the amount of hCG hormone concentration.
If after three minutes no results appear, it is possible that there is not enough urine at the absorption end.
A positive result is indicated by the appearance of a red line in the control window (round shape) and the results window (square shape).
If you experience signs of pregnancy but the results are still negative, do it again 3-5 days later. Also, don't use the test pack during the day. This is because the urine has become more dilute, making it more difficult to detect the hCG hormone.

Common Errors Using Test Pack
Even though it looks easy, there are mistakes that make the test pack results wrong and inaccurate. So, these errors include:


1. Too fast to do the test

The way the test pack works is to detect the hCG hormone in the urine. Well, levels of this hormone are generally still very low in early pregnancy. Also, not all women who are pregnant have the same hCG levels.

Using a test pack too quickly can make the results inaccurate or wrong. The best time is to use it after one week missed menstrual schedule .

If the results are still negative even though you already feel the signs of pregnancy, use the next 3-5 days.

2. Don't use it in the morning

HCG levels can change at any time of the day. This of course can affect the test results. However, it's best to do the test in the morning when you urinate for the first time.


The reason is, morning urine tends to be more concentrated, so it has higher hCG levels. When the urine is dilute, this can make it difficult for the tool to detect the hCG hormone. As a result, the results may be inaccurate or wrong.


3. Too fast in reading the test results
The instructions for use always state how long you have to wait for the test results to come out. Therefore, do not rush to read it. After the urine has spread, the indicator usually shows a faint line or a plus sign.

However, wait a few more minutes to confirm the results. Generally, it takes about 3-5 minutes for the results to come out. Incorrect test results can also occur because the product has expired. You can read the following article

4. Too long to read the test results
Not many people know that the test results can change if it's been too long. Test results generally appear within 3-5 minutes. After this time has elapsed, the tool will continue to run and change the results.

If the test results change, you should not use the tool again. You can do a re-examination with a new test pack . Use according to the instructions and summarize the results.


5. Not retesting
Even though the results of the test pack are negative, menstruation doesn't come, you should do a retest. Because, you could be pregnant but the test results are wrong because the hormone cannot be detected by the tool.

Therefore, do the test several times with a few days apart to conclude the results. Not a few women who get a negative result on the first test and get a positive result on the next examination.

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